On December 17, 2018 the Global Compact on Refugees was signed.
This should strengthen the rights of refugees and support the host countries.
However the situation is so extensive that a closer look at the content and the context is worth it.
[1]
[2]
[3]
For example the EU is expanding free trade with inferior economies. This means that low-wage countries outside the EU and high-wage countries within the EU have to compete and as a result the inferior sectors and income groups are threatened to lose their market share over imports. [4] [5] [6] The majority of the population is not aware of these free trade agreements also because little is reported about them. And if they know them such as the TTIP agreement then the vast majority will reject the agreement and several thousand people have even demonstrated against it TTIP. [7] [8]
In addition the NATO member states have a very poor record in terms of respect for international law. The incubator lie (Nayirah testimony) and that since 2003 Saddam's weapons of mass destruction are still missing are no secrets. On March 24, 1999 NATO forces bombarded targets in former Yugoslavia under the guise of preventing a humanitarian catastrophe and thus escalated the war and according to the OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) they were the only reason for the humanitarian catastrophe in Kosovo. [9] And in 2011 NATO forces bombarded Libya under the guise of preventing a humanitarian disaster and overthrew the government of Muammar Gaddafi. In 2015 the UK Parliament noted that the assessment that led to the Libyan war in 2011 was significantly overrated and that the significant Islamist elements of the rebels were not perceived. [10] [10,pdf] But the vast majority of Germans also reject the foreign missions of the Bundeswehr. [11] [12] And even arms exports are rejected by about two-thirds of Germans. [13]
Italy has become one of the main arrival points of the migration crisis since 2015 due to the Mediterranean location and the readiness of previous governments to accept ships with people from Africa. During the time of the Lega and MoVimento 5 Stelle a policy of closed borders was pursued. The policy of Italy has therefore a significant influence on the whole situation. And the number of people crossing the Mediterranean has fallen from 172,301 in 2017 to 113,482 in 2018. At the same time the number of those who drowned or went missing in the Mediterranean fell from 3,139 in 2017 to 2,262 in 2018. [14] [15] [16]
Australia has also become a destination for many people with 4,565 in 2011, 17,204 in 2012 and 20,587 in 2013 due to its isolated location off Southeast Asia. In the meantime however the local government has introduced a policy of closed borders (Operation Sovereign Borders). The policy of Australia has therefore a significant influence on the local situation. And the number of people crossing the sea has fallen from 20,587 in 2013 to 160 in 2014. [17] [18] At the same time the number of those who drowned or went missing off Australia fell from 240 in 2013 to 6 in 2014. In both cases a zero tolerance policy has resulted in fewer deaths. [19] [19,archive]
The published paper of the UN is an agreement and it is clear that the plan should commit. Thus the agreement is be politically compulsory. This means that individuals can invoke such an agreement and sue for their content. [21]
[1] Global Compact on Refugees
https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/refugees-compact
[2] The Global Compact on Refugees
https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html
[3] Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees - Global Compact on Refugees
https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf
[4] Freihandel EU-Afrika - Die Kunst des unfairen Deals 2017-01-17
http://www.taz.de/!5371866/
[5] EU-Freihandel mit Afrika: Unfairer Deal? 2017-01-11
https://www.dw.com/de/eu-freihandel-mit-afrika-unfairer-deal/a-37073640
[6] EU baut mit Mercosur-Staatenbund weltweit größte Freihandelszone auf 2019-06-28
https://diepresse.com/home/ausland/aussenpolitik/5651889/EU-baut-mit-MercosurStaatenbund-weltweit-groesste-Freihandelszone-auf
[7] Große Mehrheit der Deutschen sieht TTIP kritisch 2016-05-04
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/ttip-grosse-mehrheit-der-deutschen-sieht-freihandelsabkommen-kritisch-a-1090908.html
[8] 150.000 Demonstranten protestieren gegen TTIP 2015-10-10
http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/ttip-und-freihandel/grosskundgebung-in-berlin-150-000-demonstranten-protestieren-gegen-ttip-13848419.html
[9] "Deutschlands Weg in den Kosovo-Krieg - Es begann mit einer Lüge"
https://youtu.be/ZtkQYRlXMNU
[10] Libya: Examination of intervention and collapse and the UK's future policy options inquiry
https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/foreign-affairs-committee/inquiries1/parliament-2015/libya-policy/
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmfaff/119/119.pdf
[11] Mehrheit der Deutschen lehnt Auslandseinsätze ab 2014-12-28
https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-12/umfrage-deutsche-ablehnung-internationale-bundeswehr-einsaetze
[12] Umfrage zu Auslandseinsätzen - Deutsche lehnen stärkeres Engagement in der Welt ab 2014-05-20
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/umfrage-deutsche-lehnen-auslandseinsaetze-der-bundeswehr-ab-a-970463.html
[13] Fast zwei Drittel der Deutschen wollen Stopp aller Rüstungsexporte 2018-05-29
https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/fast-zwei-drittel-der-deutschen-gegen-ruestungsexporte-15613393.html
[14] 94 Prozent weniger Migranten in Italien eingetroffen 2019-03-18
https://derstandard.at/2000099728659/94-Prozent-weniger-Migranten-in-Italien-eingetroffen?ref=article
[15] Italy rejects record number of asylum applications 2019-02-14
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/italy-rejects-record-number-of-asylum-applications
[16] Migration: Weniger Flüchtlinge im Mittelmeer ertrunken 2019-01-03
https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-01/migration-fluechtlinge-mittelmeer-gestorben-gesamtzahl-un-fluechtlingshilfswerk [17] Boat arrivals in Australia: a quick guide to the statistics 2014-01-23
https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/QG/BoatArrivals
[18] Australiens Flüchtlingspolitik - Abschrecken, abschotten, abwälzen 2017-12-10
https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/australien-warum-die-fluechtlingspoliti-kein-vorbild-fuer-europa-sein-kann-a-1181555.html
[19] Australian Border Deaths Database
http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/thebordercrossingobservatory/researchoutputs/australian-border-deaths-database/
https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144325/http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/thebordercrossingobservatory/researchoutputs/australian-border-deaths-database/
[20] Making Migration work for all
https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/sites/default/files/sg_report_en.pdf
[21] Rechtsgutachten zum Migrationspakt
https://www.bundestag.de/blob/557692/8d3c42d79eba902c13660271ba0a32f4/wd-2-052-18-pdf-data.pdf
Causes of Flight
Under the UN Refugee Convention, all states and relevant stakeholders such as UN agencies, the Red Cross, financial institutions, regional organizations, local authorities, civil society and the media are called upon to fight the causes of flight. According to the Global Compact on Refugees the climate, environmental degradation and natural disasters are considered as well. Although these are not in themselves causes of flight they are increasingly interacting with the driving forces of such population movements. Other much larger and avoidable causes of flight remain unmentioned. [3,p.2]For example the EU is expanding free trade with inferior economies. This means that low-wage countries outside the EU and high-wage countries within the EU have to compete and as a result the inferior sectors and income groups are threatened to lose their market share over imports. [4] [5] [6] The majority of the population is not aware of these free trade agreements also because little is reported about them. And if they know them such as the TTIP agreement then the vast majority will reject the agreement and several thousand people have even demonstrated against it TTIP. [7] [8]
In addition the NATO member states have a very poor record in terms of respect for international law. The incubator lie (Nayirah testimony) and that since 2003 Saddam's weapons of mass destruction are still missing are no secrets. On March 24, 1999 NATO forces bombarded targets in former Yugoslavia under the guise of preventing a humanitarian catastrophe and thus escalated the war and according to the OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) they were the only reason for the humanitarian catastrophe in Kosovo. [9] And in 2011 NATO forces bombarded Libya under the guise of preventing a humanitarian disaster and overthrew the government of Muammar Gaddafi. In 2015 the UK Parliament noted that the assessment that led to the Libyan war in 2011 was significantly overrated and that the significant Islamist elements of the rebels were not perceived. [10] [10,pdf] But the vast majority of Germans also reject the foreign missions of the Bundeswehr. [11] [12] And even arms exports are rejected by about two-thirds of Germans. [13]
Unsafe Routes
And in the Global Compact on Refugees insecure routes and dangerous incentives are completely omitted as well. Certain routes are dangerous for refugees and the number of those who die is proportional to the number of refugees. The fact that tey are not in the Global Compact on Refugees questions its good intentions.Italy has become one of the main arrival points of the migration crisis since 2015 due to the Mediterranean location and the readiness of previous governments to accept ships with people from Africa. During the time of the Lega and MoVimento 5 Stelle a policy of closed borders was pursued. The policy of Italy has therefore a significant influence on the whole situation. And the number of people crossing the Mediterranean has fallen from 172,301 in 2017 to 113,482 in 2018. At the same time the number of those who drowned or went missing in the Mediterranean fell from 3,139 in 2017 to 2,262 in 2018. [14] [15] [16]
Australia has also become a destination for many people with 4,565 in 2011, 17,204 in 2012 and 20,587 in 2013 due to its isolated location off Southeast Asia. In the meantime however the local government has introduced a policy of closed borders (Operation Sovereign Borders). The policy of Australia has therefore a significant influence on the local situation. And the number of people crossing the sea has fallen from 20,587 in 2013 to 160 in 2014. [17] [18] At the same time the number of those who drowned or went missing off Australia fell from 240 in 2013 to 6 in 2014. In both cases a zero tolerance policy has resulted in fewer deaths. [19] [19,archive]
Making Migration work for all
It is striking that the UN refugee agreement with its logic of utilization or even exploitation is similar to the paper "Making Migration work for all". The Global Compact on Refugees requires refugees to be allowed access to the labor market. [2] In addition the public opinion in the host countries is to be influenced. Thus the final version of the Global Compact on Refugees coincides with the paper "Making Migration work for all". [3,p.16]We must also show respect for communities that fear they are 'losing out' because of migration. While there is powerful evidence that migrants are of significant benefit to both their host countries and their countries of origin, we cannot be blind to citizens’ perceptions and concerns. Communities blighted by inequality and economic deprivation frequently blame migration for their troubles. While it is necessary to explain why such views are mistaken, it is essential to address the underlying vulnerabilities and fears of all citizens so that we can make migration work for all. [20,p.5]After that migration is good for business. Unfortunately anyone who criticizes is mistaken. And criticism should be reinterpreted as xenophobic or even racist.
We must sadly acknowledge that xenophobic political narratives about migration are all too widespread today. We must not allow these to distort our agenda. I applaud the New York Declaration adopted by the Member States, and in particular for addressing the issue in positive terms. Progress towards resolving real challenges associated with migration means, in part, dispelling alarmist misrepresentations of its effects. Political leaders must take responsibility for reframing national discourses on the issue, as well as for policy reforms. [20,p.4]
Liability
According to official figures the Global Compact on Refugees is not legally binding. However the scientific service of the Bundestag has already stated the opposite for the Global Compact for Migration. And both are formally equal.The published paper of the UN is an agreement and it is clear that the plan should commit. Thus the agreement is be politically compulsory. This means that individuals can invoke such an agreement and sue for their content. [21]
[1] Global Compact on Refugees
https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/refugees-compact
[2] The Global Compact on Refugees
https://www.unhcr.org/the-global-compact-on-refugees.html
[3] Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees - Global Compact on Refugees
https://www.unhcr.org/gcr/GCR_English.pdf
[4] Freihandel EU-Afrika - Die Kunst des unfairen Deals 2017-01-17
http://www.taz.de/!5371866/
[5] EU-Freihandel mit Afrika: Unfairer Deal? 2017-01-11
https://www.dw.com/de/eu-freihandel-mit-afrika-unfairer-deal/a-37073640
[6] EU baut mit Mercosur-Staatenbund weltweit größte Freihandelszone auf 2019-06-28
https://diepresse.com/home/ausland/aussenpolitik/5651889/EU-baut-mit-MercosurStaatenbund-weltweit-groesste-Freihandelszone-auf
[7] Große Mehrheit der Deutschen sieht TTIP kritisch 2016-05-04
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/ttip-grosse-mehrheit-der-deutschen-sieht-freihandelsabkommen-kritisch-a-1090908.html
[8] 150.000 Demonstranten protestieren gegen TTIP 2015-10-10
http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/ttip-und-freihandel/grosskundgebung-in-berlin-150-000-demonstranten-protestieren-gegen-ttip-13848419.html
[9] "Deutschlands Weg in den Kosovo-Krieg - Es begann mit einer Lüge"
https://youtu.be/ZtkQYRlXMNU
[10] Libya: Examination of intervention and collapse and the UK's future policy options inquiry
https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/foreign-affairs-committee/inquiries1/parliament-2015/libya-policy/
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmfaff/119/119.pdf
[11] Mehrheit der Deutschen lehnt Auslandseinsätze ab 2014-12-28
https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-12/umfrage-deutsche-ablehnung-internationale-bundeswehr-einsaetze
[12] Umfrage zu Auslandseinsätzen - Deutsche lehnen stärkeres Engagement in der Welt ab 2014-05-20
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/umfrage-deutsche-lehnen-auslandseinsaetze-der-bundeswehr-ab-a-970463.html
[13] Fast zwei Drittel der Deutschen wollen Stopp aller Rüstungsexporte 2018-05-29
https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/fast-zwei-drittel-der-deutschen-gegen-ruestungsexporte-15613393.html
[14] 94 Prozent weniger Migranten in Italien eingetroffen 2019-03-18
https://derstandard.at/2000099728659/94-Prozent-weniger-Migranten-in-Italien-eingetroffen?ref=article
[15] Italy rejects record number of asylum applications 2019-02-14
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/italy-rejects-record-number-of-asylum-applications
[16] Migration: Weniger Flüchtlinge im Mittelmeer ertrunken 2019-01-03
https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-01/migration-fluechtlinge-mittelmeer-gestorben-gesamtzahl-un-fluechtlingshilfswerk [17] Boat arrivals in Australia: a quick guide to the statistics 2014-01-23
https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/QG/BoatArrivals
[18] Australiens Flüchtlingspolitik - Abschrecken, abschotten, abwälzen 2017-12-10
https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/australien-warum-die-fluechtlingspoliti-kein-vorbild-fuer-europa-sein-kann-a-1181555.html
[19] Australian Border Deaths Database
http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/thebordercrossingobservatory/researchoutputs/australian-border-deaths-database/
https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144325/http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/thebordercrossingobservatory/researchoutputs/australian-border-deaths-database/
[20] Making Migration work for all
https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/sites/default/files/sg_report_en.pdf
[21] Rechtsgutachten zum Migrationspakt
https://www.bundestag.de/blob/557692/8d3c42d79eba902c13660271ba0a32f4/wd-2-052-18-pdf-data.pdf
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