Migration causes more people to compete for limited resources such as jobs, housing and social welfare.
In the process, the equilibrium price for work is falling, living space is becoming scarcer and therefore more expensive and the costs of social assistance are rising.
Thus companies benefit from lower wages can get lucrative orders for care and employers' organizations can use sentiment through migration to cut social assistance and thus lower the implicit minimum wage.
And the south of Europe has particularly high unemployment rates and thus low resources and has become the target of migration to varying degrees.
However politicians often portray migration as positive or completely inevitable. But in Italy a party is establishes itself which challenges this narrative.
In June 2018 the Aquarius was rejected with 629 by the Italian government. The people aboard the Aquarius were then brought to Spain at the behest of the local government under Pedro Sanchez (Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol/PSOE). [2] [3] [4]
In July 2018 the Open Arms with 60 people was rejected first by the Maltese and then by the Italian government. The people aboard the Open Arms were then brought to Spain just as with the Aquarius. [5] [6]
And in March 2019 the Mare Jonio with 49 people was denied access by the Italian government and confiscated. Then the prosecutor of Agrigento in Sicily began the investigation against unknown because of illegally transportin migration. [7] [8] [9]
[12]
Italy has become one of the main arrival points of the migration crisis since 2015 due to the Mediterranean location and the readiness of previous governments to accept ships with people from Africa. The policy of Italy has therefore a significant influence on the whole situation. And the number of people crossing the Mediterranean has fallen from 172,301 in 2017 to 113,482 in 2018. At the same time the number of those who drowned or went missing in the Mediterranean fell from 3,139 in 2017 to 2,262 in 2018. [13]
The Department of Information Security (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) underlines this development with its report for the year 2018. According to them the decline is also due to the fact that fewer NGO ships are traveling in the Mediterranean and that Libyan border guards are increasingly protecting the coast. Both developments are essentially supported by the Italian Government. In addition the Department of Security Information (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) assumes that NGO ships behave like human traffickers and may cooperate with but are at least exploit by human traffickers in Africa. [14,p.89] [15]
The Security Information Division (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) underlines this development as well with its report for the year 2018. According to this special vigilance is required as the danger of terrorists entering migration flows exists. According to the Department of Security Information (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) it has information that there is a risk that the migratory flows will be deliberately used to smuggle terrorists. [14,p.93] [15]
At the same time, the Lega makes several electoral successes in regional elections. At the election in Abruzzo it became the strongest force with 28 %. [24] [25] And in the election in Basilicata the Lega-led alliance became the strongest force with 42 % where 20 % went to the Lega. With this it replaced a 24-year stronghold of leftist governments. [26] [27]
[1] people trafficking 2016-12-03
https://youtu.be/TbIc1LZqIAw
[2] Italy's Matteo Salvini shuts ports to migrant rescue ship 2018-06-11
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44432056
[3] Spain offers to take in Aquarius ship carrying over 600 refugees 2018-06-11
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/spain-offers-aquarius-ship-carrying-600-refugees-180611133533958.html
[4] NEWS - Spain will accept migrant ship Aquarius after Italy and Malta refuse entry 2018-06-11
https://www.dw.com/en/spain-will-accept-migrant-ship-aquarius-after-italy-and-malta-refuse-entry/a-44150793
[5] IMMIGRATION - Second migrant ship arrives in Spain after being rejected by Italy, Malta 2018-07-04
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/07/04/inenglish/1530690012_839181.html
[6] WORLD NEWS - ‘Open Arms’ migrant rescue boat heads for Spain amid row with Italy 2018-07-19
https://www.euronews.com/2018/07/19/-open-arms-migrant-rescue-boat-heads-for-spain-amid-row-with-italy
[7] Italiens Polizei beschlagnahmt Flüchtlingsschiff 2019-03-19
https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ausland/europa/Italiens-Polizei-beschlagnahmt-Fluechtlingsschiff/story/12306976
[8] Italienische Polizei eskortiert Rettungsschiff nach Lampedusa 2019-03-20
https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article190555107/Mare-Jonio-Italien-eskortiert-Fluechtlinge-in-den-Hafen-von-Lampedusa.html
[9] Flüchtlingsschiff "Mare Jonio" - Salvini will Strafen für Retter 2019-03-20
https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/italien-schiff-beschlagnahmt-103.html
[10] 94 Prozent weniger Migranten in Italien eingetroffen 2019-03-18
https://derstandard.at/2000099728659/94-Prozent-weniger-Migranten-in-Italien-eingetroffen?ref=article
[11] Italy rejects record number of asylum applications 2019-02-14
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/italy-rejects-record-number-of-asylum-applications
[12] Asylum and first time asylum applicants by citizenship, age and sex Annual aggregated data (rounded)
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/MIGR_ASYAPPCTZA
[13] Migration: Weniger Flüchtlinge im Mittelmeer ertrunken 2019-01-03
https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-01/migration-fluechtlinge-mittelmeer-gestorben-gesamtzahl-un-fluechtlingshilfswerk
[14] RELAZIONE SULLA POLITICA DELL’INFORMAZIONE PER LA SICUREZZA 2018
https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/sisr.nsf/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Relazione-2018.pdf
[15] Servizi segreti: “Riduzione navi Ong duro colpo per i trafficanti” 2019-02-28
https://www.ilprimatonazionale.it/politica/servizi-segreti-riduzione-navi-ong-duro-colpo-per-i-trafficanti-106391/
[16] UMGANG MIT DER „DICIOTTO“: Senat stimmt gegen Aufhebung der Immunität Salvinis 2018-09-20
https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/senat-stimmt-gegen-aufhebung-der-immunitaet-salvinis-16099679.html
[17] Italien: Regierung verschärft Asylrecht 2018-09-24
https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2018-09/italien-migrationspolitik-aslyrecht-verschaerfung-matteo-salvini
[18] Italien verschärft sein Asylrecht: Der Schutz aus humanitären Gründen wird abgeschafft 2018-09-25
https://www.nzz.ch/international/italien-verschaerft-sein-asylrecht-ld.1422862
[19] "Decreto Salvini" - Italien verschärft Einwanderungspolitik 2018-09-24
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/italien-regierung-schraenkt-asylrecht-per-dekret-ein-a-1229778.html
[20] Sondaggi, Salvini politico più amato dagli italiani, boccone amaro per Di Maio 2019-06-02
http://www.affaritaliani.it/politica/sondaggi-salvini-politico-piu-amato-dagli-italiani-boccone-amaro-per-di-maio-548660.html
[21] Sondaggi elettorali Noto: Pd e Movimento 5 Stelle divisi da un punto 2019-03-06
https://www.termometropolitico.it/1402083_sondaggi-elettorali-noto-pd-e-movimento-5-stelle-divisi-da-un-punto.html
[22] Ultimi sondaggi politici oggi | Lega al 34,1 per cento, M5s al 23,2 e Pd al 19 2019-03-15
https://www.tpi.it/2019/03/15/ultimi-sondaggi-politici-oggi-15-marzo/
[23] Ultimi sondaggi: il Pd ha sorpassato il M5S 2019-03-18
https://www.tpi.it/2019/03/18/ultimi-sondaggi-politici-oggi-pd-m5s/
[24] Italien Salvinis Lega siegt bei Regionalwahl 2019-02-11
https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/italien-regionalwahl-abruzzen-101.html
[25] REGIONALWAHL - Italiens Fünf Sterne halbieren sich bei Wahl in Abruzzen 2019-02-11
https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000097819388/italiens-fuenf-sterne-halbieren-sich-bei-wahl-in-abruzzen
[26] Neuer Triumph für Salvini: Regionalwahl in Italien gewonnen 2019-03-25
https://www.stol.it/Artikel/Politik-im-Ueberblick/Politik/Neuer-Triumph-fuer-Salvini-Regionalwahl-in-Italien-gewonnen
[27] WAHL IN DER BASILIKATA: Salvinis Lega siegt in weiterer Region 2019-03-25
https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/matteo-salvinis-lega-gewinnt-regionalwahl-in-der-basilikata-16106937.html
However politicians often portray migration as positive or completely inevitable. But in Italy a party is establishes itself which challenges this narrative.
The Ships
Ships regularly request access to Italian ports to land people picked up in the Mediterranean. Since the inauguration of the new government of Lega and MoVimento 5 however the Italian government has repeatedly denied access to these vessels. And it is still questionable why these ships do not drive people to the nearby coast, if they do not collect people directly in the Mediterranean but directly off the coast. Thus these ships behave effectively like human smugglers. And it begs the question of how many people were lured into certain death by this behavior because they ran out of water, food or fuel on the open sea. [1]In June 2018 the Aquarius was rejected with 629 by the Italian government. The people aboard the Aquarius were then brought to Spain at the behest of the local government under Pedro Sanchez (Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol/PSOE). [2] [3] [4]
In July 2018 the Open Arms with 60 people was rejected first by the Maltese and then by the Italian government. The people aboard the Open Arms were then brought to Spain just as with the Aquarius. [5] [6]
And in March 2019 the Mare Jonio with 49 people was denied access by the Italian government and confiscated. Then the prosecutor of Agrigento in Sicily began the investigation against unknown because of illegally transportin migration. [7] [8] [9]
The Numbers
However the Italian Government's approach is also reflected in the figures. Between January 1, and March 15, 2018 5,945 people arrived in Italy. Between January 1, and March 15, 2019 it were only 335 or 94 % less. Between October 2017 and January 2018 around 17,500 asylum seekers were rejected. By contrast, in October 2018 until January 2019 25,000 asylum seekers were rejected 43% more. And although the Italian government has promised to deport 500,000 people so far only 500 have been deported per month. [10] [11][12]
Italy has become one of the main arrival points of the migration crisis since 2015 due to the Mediterranean location and the readiness of previous governments to accept ships with people from Africa. The policy of Italy has therefore a significant influence on the whole situation. And the number of people crossing the Mediterranean has fallen from 172,301 in 2017 to 113,482 in 2018. At the same time the number of those who drowned or went missing in the Mediterranean fell from 3,139 in 2017 to 2,262 in 2018. [13]
The Department of Information Security (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) underlines this development with its report for the year 2018. According to them the decline is also due to the fact that fewer NGO ships are traveling in the Mediterranean and that Libyan border guards are increasingly protecting the coast. Both developments are essentially supported by the Italian Government. In addition the Department of Security Information (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) assumes that NGO ships behave like human traffickers and may cooperate with but are at least exploit by human traffickers in Africa. [14,p.89] [15]
Legislative Changes
Italian Interior Minister Matteo Salvini (Lega) has also introduced a restriction on the right to claim asylum in Parliament. According to this future asylum procedures can be suspended if applicants have been convicted of serious crimes or drug trafficking, sexual violence and assault and can be repatriated. In addition the Italian government can revoke the citizenship of terrorists. At the same time Interior Minister Salvini (Lega) retains his parliamentary immunity after being accused of deprivation of liberty and abuse of power for refusing to allow an NGO ship to enter Italian ports. [16] [17] [18] [19]The Security Information Division (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) underlines this development as well with its report for the year 2018. According to this special vigilance is required as the danger of terrorists entering migration flows exists. According to the Department of Security Information (Dipartimento delle Informazioni per la Sicurezza/DIS) it has information that there is a risk that the migratory flows will be deliberately used to smuggle terrorists. [14,p.93] [15]
Popularity
The Lega and her Minister of the Interior Matteo Salvini have become the subject of controversy due to their behavior. But both are still enjoying growing popularity. In Italy Salvini (Lega) is the most trusted politician with a 56 % approval rating. [20] In addition 33% of the Italians say they want to vote for the Lega in the EU elections which is a doubling its popularity since the general election in 2018. [21] [22] [23]At the same time, the Lega makes several electoral successes in regional elections. At the election in Abruzzo it became the strongest force with 28 %. [24] [25] And in the election in Basilicata the Lega-led alliance became the strongest force with 42 % where 20 % went to the Lega. With this it replaced a 24-year stronghold of leftist governments. [26] [27]
[1] people trafficking 2016-12-03
https://youtu.be/TbIc1LZqIAw
[2] Italy's Matteo Salvini shuts ports to migrant rescue ship 2018-06-11
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44432056
[3] Spain offers to take in Aquarius ship carrying over 600 refugees 2018-06-11
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/spain-offers-aquarius-ship-carrying-600-refugees-180611133533958.html
[4] NEWS - Spain will accept migrant ship Aquarius after Italy and Malta refuse entry 2018-06-11
https://www.dw.com/en/spain-will-accept-migrant-ship-aquarius-after-italy-and-malta-refuse-entry/a-44150793
[5] IMMIGRATION - Second migrant ship arrives in Spain after being rejected by Italy, Malta 2018-07-04
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/07/04/inenglish/1530690012_839181.html
[6] WORLD NEWS - ‘Open Arms’ migrant rescue boat heads for Spain amid row with Italy 2018-07-19
https://www.euronews.com/2018/07/19/-open-arms-migrant-rescue-boat-heads-for-spain-amid-row-with-italy
[7] Italiens Polizei beschlagnahmt Flüchtlingsschiff 2019-03-19
https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ausland/europa/Italiens-Polizei-beschlagnahmt-Fluechtlingsschiff/story/12306976
[8] Italienische Polizei eskortiert Rettungsschiff nach Lampedusa 2019-03-20
https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article190555107/Mare-Jonio-Italien-eskortiert-Fluechtlinge-in-den-Hafen-von-Lampedusa.html
[9] Flüchtlingsschiff "Mare Jonio" - Salvini will Strafen für Retter 2019-03-20
https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/italien-schiff-beschlagnahmt-103.html
[10] 94 Prozent weniger Migranten in Italien eingetroffen 2019-03-18
https://derstandard.at/2000099728659/94-Prozent-weniger-Migranten-in-Italien-eingetroffen?ref=article
[11] Italy rejects record number of asylum applications 2019-02-14
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/italy-rejects-record-number-of-asylum-applications
[12] Asylum and first time asylum applicants by citizenship, age and sex Annual aggregated data (rounded)
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/MIGR_ASYAPPCTZA
[13] Migration: Weniger Flüchtlinge im Mittelmeer ertrunken 2019-01-03
https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-01/migration-fluechtlinge-mittelmeer-gestorben-gesamtzahl-un-fluechtlingshilfswerk
[14] RELAZIONE SULLA POLITICA DELL’INFORMAZIONE PER LA SICUREZZA 2018
https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/sisr.nsf/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Relazione-2018.pdf
[15] Servizi segreti: “Riduzione navi Ong duro colpo per i trafficanti” 2019-02-28
https://www.ilprimatonazionale.it/politica/servizi-segreti-riduzione-navi-ong-duro-colpo-per-i-trafficanti-106391/
[16] UMGANG MIT DER „DICIOTTO“: Senat stimmt gegen Aufhebung der Immunität Salvinis 2018-09-20
https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/senat-stimmt-gegen-aufhebung-der-immunitaet-salvinis-16099679.html
[17] Italien: Regierung verschärft Asylrecht 2018-09-24
https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2018-09/italien-migrationspolitik-aslyrecht-verschaerfung-matteo-salvini
[18] Italien verschärft sein Asylrecht: Der Schutz aus humanitären Gründen wird abgeschafft 2018-09-25
https://www.nzz.ch/international/italien-verschaerft-sein-asylrecht-ld.1422862
[19] "Decreto Salvini" - Italien verschärft Einwanderungspolitik 2018-09-24
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/italien-regierung-schraenkt-asylrecht-per-dekret-ein-a-1229778.html
[20] Sondaggi, Salvini politico più amato dagli italiani, boccone amaro per Di Maio 2019-06-02
http://www.affaritaliani.it/politica/sondaggi-salvini-politico-piu-amato-dagli-italiani-boccone-amaro-per-di-maio-548660.html
[21] Sondaggi elettorali Noto: Pd e Movimento 5 Stelle divisi da un punto 2019-03-06
https://www.termometropolitico.it/1402083_sondaggi-elettorali-noto-pd-e-movimento-5-stelle-divisi-da-un-punto.html
[22] Ultimi sondaggi politici oggi | Lega al 34,1 per cento, M5s al 23,2 e Pd al 19 2019-03-15
https://www.tpi.it/2019/03/15/ultimi-sondaggi-politici-oggi-15-marzo/
[23] Ultimi sondaggi: il Pd ha sorpassato il M5S 2019-03-18
https://www.tpi.it/2019/03/18/ultimi-sondaggi-politici-oggi-pd-m5s/
[24] Italien Salvinis Lega siegt bei Regionalwahl 2019-02-11
https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/italien-regionalwahl-abruzzen-101.html
[25] REGIONALWAHL - Italiens Fünf Sterne halbieren sich bei Wahl in Abruzzen 2019-02-11
https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000097819388/italiens-fuenf-sterne-halbieren-sich-bei-wahl-in-abruzzen
[26] Neuer Triumph für Salvini: Regionalwahl in Italien gewonnen 2019-03-25
https://www.stol.it/Artikel/Politik-im-Ueberblick/Politik/Neuer-Triumph-fuer-Salvini-Regionalwahl-in-Italien-gewonnen
[27] WAHL IN DER BASILIKATA: Salvinis Lega siegt in weiterer Region 2019-03-25
https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/matteo-salvinis-lega-gewinnt-regionalwahl-in-der-basilikata-16106937.html
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