Until the publication of the travel arrangements by Günter Schabowski and the onrush of countless citizens on the border crossings in Berlin on November 9, 1989 and the formal reunification on October 3, 1990, Germany was divided.
This division began with the proclamation of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) on May 23, 1949 and the subsequent proclamation of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) on October 7, 1949.
Germany became so and because of West Berlin as an enclave in the socialist block to the staging area in the Cold War.
In the course of the division, the tension grew increasingly initially with the founding of NATO on April 4, 1949 and the subsequent establishment of the Warsaw Pact on May 14, 1955.
And even before the construction of the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961 the establishment of a 3 mile wide exclusion zone along the German-German border and the forced relocation of more than 12,000 people began on 26, and 27, May 1952.
The "Timeline of how the Wall fell" by Hans-Hermann Hertle describes how it came to the reunification and in great detail how it happened. The book first appeared in 1996 and is currently only available in German. Hertle was born on June 29, 1955 and since 1999 Hertle is a research assistant at the Center for Contemporary History in Potsdam. In cooperation with Hertle a digital archive has been created about the history of divided Germany and the fall of the Wall.
[2]
On June 4, 1989 and after months of protest by the Chinese pro-democracy movementprotests were struck down in Tian'anmen Square in the People's Republic of China. The number of victims is estimated to be between 300 and 3,000 people.
In 1989 there were already large demonstrations against the socialist government of Germany. On the evening of October 4, several people who wanted to leave tried to get on trains at the central-station of Dresden. The trains came from the West and headed to East German refugees who have already made it to the Prague embassy to bring them into the West. The border with Czechoslovakia was already closed at this time. According to estimates of the state security (Stasi) there were tumultuous riots with approximately 20,000 persons. The trains symbolized for many the last hope for a free exit.
The Minister of Defense Keßler then transferred the entire military district III (Leipzig) of the ground forces into increased combat readiness. In addition anti-riot police units from about 2,000 men were formed the units of the National-Peoples-Army (NVA) with the task of supporting the police forces. The administration went so far as to equip the units of the National-Peoples-Army (NVA) with submachine guns and live ammunition.
On the first night violent clashes erupted between the People's Police and the demonstrators. However shots were not fired. On the morning of October 6, the Minister of Defense lifted the order to command submachine guns and live ammunition. The units of the National-Peoples-Army (NVA) were then equipped with rubber truncheons from this point on.
[1,S.78ff]
Germany was close to an escalation during the reunification as on Tian'anmen Square. However the entire German reunification was peaceful.
[1] Hans-Hermann Hertle - Chronik des Mauerfalls (Timeline of how the Wall fell) - ISBN 978-3-86153-541-6
[2] http://zzf-potsdam.de/site/390/default.aspx
[3] http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/
[4] https://www.w3schools.com/HTML/html_lists.asp
The "Timeline of how the Wall fell" by Hans-Hermann Hertle describes how it came to the reunification and in great detail how it happened. The book first appeared in 1996 and is currently only available in German. Hertle was born on June 29, 1955 and since 1999 Hertle is a research assistant at the Center for Contemporary History in Potsdam. In cooperation with Hertle a digital archive has been created about the history of divided Germany and the fall of the Wall.
[2]
On June 4, 1989 and after months of protest by the Chinese pro-democracy movementprotests were struck down in Tian'anmen Square in the People's Republic of China. The number of victims is estimated to be between 300 and 3,000 people.
In 1989 there were already large demonstrations against the socialist government of Germany. On the evening of October 4, several people who wanted to leave tried to get on trains at the central-station of Dresden. The trains came from the West and headed to East German refugees who have already made it to the Prague embassy to bring them into the West. The border with Czechoslovakia was already closed at this time. According to estimates of the state security (Stasi) there were tumultuous riots with approximately 20,000 persons. The trains symbolized for many the last hope for a free exit.
The Minister of Defense Keßler then transferred the entire military district III (Leipzig) of the ground forces into increased combat readiness. In addition anti-riot police units from about 2,000 men were formed the units of the National-Peoples-Army (NVA) with the task of supporting the police forces. The administration went so far as to equip the units of the National-Peoples-Army (NVA) with submachine guns and live ammunition.
On the first night violent clashes erupted between the People's Police and the demonstrators. However shots were not fired. On the morning of October 6, the Minister of Defense lifted the order to command submachine guns and live ammunition. The units of the National-Peoples-Army (NVA) were then equipped with rubber truncheons from this point on.
[1,S.78ff]
Germany was close to an escalation during the reunification as on Tian'anmen Square. However the entire German reunification was peaceful.
[1] Hans-Hermann Hertle - Chronik des Mauerfalls (Timeline of how the Wall fell) - ISBN 978-3-86153-541-6
[2] http://zzf-potsdam.de/site/390/default.aspx
[3] http://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/
[4] https://www.w3schools.com/HTML/html_lists.asp
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