[Wirtschaft] Deutsche Rentenversicherung - Wie gut sie trotz Sabotage funktioniert
Germany has a pay-as-you-go pension systems. So the part of the population of working age pays for people of retirement age. And after joining the pension the former working people are provided by the next generation.
By paying into the statutory pension one acquires the right to receive a pension. This pension is compulsory for employees. Self-employed people, freelancers and those not in employment can make voluntary contributions.
In Germany there is a constant agitation against the pay-as-you-go pension system. Now a stock pension as a funded pension has been introduced. This was decided because the pay-as-you-go pension system supposedly no longer works. But on closer inspection one can see that the pay-as-you-go pension system continues to work.
Annual Balance
Overall the annual balance of the pension insurance is well balanced. This also makes sense despite an ageing society. The explanation for this is that labor productivity exceeds the ageing of society. The working part of society therefore generates greater economic value even if its population share decreases. [7]
| Revenue / billion Euro | Expenditure / billion Euro | Balance / billion Euro | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 215.6 | 214.0 | 1.6 |
| 2001 | 220.3 | 220.3 | 0.0 |
| 2002 | 223.6 | 227.7 | -4.1 |
| 2003 | 231.9 | 233.9 | -2.0 |
| 2004 | 232.5 | 235.4 | -2.9 |
| 2005 | 231.7 | 235.6 | -3.9 |
| 2006 | 243.1 | 235.5 | 7.6 |
| 2007 | 238.3 | 237.1 | 1.2 |
| 2008 | 244.2 | 240.4 | 3.8 |
| 2009 | 246.0 | 245.8 | 0.2 |
| 2010 | 251.3 | 249.2 | 2.1 |
| 2011 | 255.8 | 251.0 | 4.8 |
| 2012 | 260.5 | 255.4 | 5.1 |
| 2013 | 260.7 | 258.8 | 1.9 |
| 2014 | 269.4 | 266.2 | 3.2 |
| 2015 | 276.2 | 277.8 | -1.6 |
| 2016 | 286.2 | 288.4 | -2.2 |
| 2017 | 299.5 | 298.9 | 0.6 |
| 2018 | 312.3 | 307.9 | 5.4 |
| 2019 | 326.7 | 324.8 | 1.9 |
| 2020 | 334.4 | 338.3 | -3.9 |
In the first approximation the balanced balance sheet is all the more impressive because the contributions and thus the income of pension insurance were reduced. In addition the pension insurance also takes on non-insurance benefits. However with the federal subsidy the federal government supports the share of the non-insurance benefits that are not covered by the pension insurance. Thus the pension insurance is inevitably balanced. [1] [5] [6]
[7] [3] [7] [8] [8b]Contribution rate has been reduced repeatedly
The income from contributions is the main income of the pension insurance. And as long as labor productivity (technical progress in the production of goods and services) predominates the aging of society a pay-as-you-go pension systems continues to work.
With exceptions the contribution rate has been falling since 1999. And since 2011 the contribution rate has only been falling. This deliberately slew down the income of the pension insurance. This amounts to sabotage of the pension insurance. [1]
| Year | Contribution Rate / % |
|---|---|
| 2000: | 19,3 |
| 2001 - 2002: | 19,1 |
| 2003 - 2006: | 19,5 |
| 2007 - 2011: | 19,9 |
| 2012: | 19,6 |
| 2013 - 2014: | 18,9 |
| 2015 - 2017: | 18,7 |
| 2018: | 18,6 |
Federal Subsidy
The expenditure for regular pensions are the main expenditures of the pension insurance. In fact the pension insurance takes more from the contributions (main income) than it pays for regular pensions (main expenditures). If the federal government fully took over the non-insurance benefits, the income would be 16% (2020) greater than the expenses and higher pensions immediately possible.
In addition to contribution income the pension insurance receives a subsidy from the federal budget. And in addition to pensions for pension insurance contributions the pension insurance also pays so-called non-insurance benefits. This includes for example orphans' pensions, widows' pensions, disability pensions and credit for child-rearing periods. These are claims that are based on no or only partial payments into the pension insurance. But since these are tasks for society as a whole these benefits are legitimate. However pension insurance pays more for non-insurance benefits than it receives in the form of the federal subsidy. This amounts to sabotage of the pension insurance.
| Year | Federal Subsidy / Mrd. Euro | Tot. Non-Insurance Benefits / Mrd. Euro |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 49,771 | 72,217 |
| 2001 | 53,418 | 73,742 |
| 2002 | 56,715 | 74,888 |
| 2003 | 61,084 | 76,305 |
| 2004 | 61,416 | 77,058 |
| 2005 | 61,638 | 77,454 |
| 2006 | 61,399 | 77,632 |
| 2007 | 62,191 | 68,955 |
| 2008 | 62,521 | 69,946 |
| 2009 | 63,307 | 69,942 |
| 2010 | 64,880 | 70,854 |
| 2011 | 64,575 | 71,164 |
| 2012 | 65,564 | 72,882 |
| 2013 | 65,284 | 73,708 |
| 2014 | 66,614 | 77,495 |
| 2015 | 67,698 | 81,292 |
| 2016 | 69,734 | 84,833 |
| 2017 | 73,019 | 98,946 |
| 2018 | 74,764 | 102,058 |
| 2019 | 77,561 | 109,924 |
| 2020 | 80,544 | 112,347 |
| 2021 | 83,926 | 115,063 |
| 2022 | 86,215 | 119,618 |
The amount of federal subsidies is stable. The federal subsidy does increase in the long term but this is to be expected as overall economic output also increases in the long term. As a share of GDP the federal subsidy is constant. And as a share of the federal budget the federal subsidy is even decreasing. But this share of federal subsidies in the federal budget should be viewed with caution as the federal budget is also subject to completely different rules and aims. [2] [3] [4]
[2b] [3] [4]Conclusion
It is as the pension insurance president Gundula Rossbach sayd. The pay-as-you-go pension system also works inspite of an ageing society and when non-insurance benefits are paid from it as well. [9]
[Economics] German Pension System - Poverty in Old Age[Economics] German Pension System - What a Stock Pension could bring and what not
[Economics] German Pension System - Comparison with Austria
Src:
[1] Beitragssätze zur Rentenversicherung 1955 - 2023 und bis 2030
https://www.sozialpolitik-aktuell.de/files/sozialpolitik-aktuell/_Politikfelder/Alter-Rente/Datensammlung/PDF-Dateien/abbVIII43a.pdf
[2] Bundeszuschüsse an die Rentenversicherung 2023-07-28
https://www.bundesamtsozialesicherung.de/de/themen/rentenversicherung/finanzierung/
https://www.bundesamtsozialesicherung.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Rentenversicherung/Finanzierung/Bundeszuschuesse2022.pdf
[3] Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) in Deutschland von 1950 bis 2023 2024-05-24
https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/4878/umfrage/bruttoinlandsprodukt-von-deutschland-seit-dem-jahr-1950/
[4] Ausgaben des Bundes (nur Kernhaushalt) in Deutschland von 1969 bis 2023 2024-02-29
https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/157795/umfrage/entwicklung-der-ausgaben-des-bundes-seit-1969/
[5] Experten üben Kritik - Bericht: Bund plündert die Rentenversicherung 2024-05-26
https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/deutschland/innenpolitik/id_100413844/rente-bund-soll-laut-einem-bericht-die-rentenversicherung-pluendern.html
[6] Rente: Bundesrechnungshof kritisiert Intransparenz bei versicherungsfremden Leistungen 2023-12-14
https://www.versicherungsbote.de/id/4913047/Rente-Bundesrechnungshof-kritisiert-massive-Intransparenz-bei-versicherungsfremden-Leistungen/#post_chapter_all
[6] Einnahmen und Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung (GRV) 2022-12-20
https://www.bpb.de/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/soziale-situation-in-deutschland/61857/einnahmen-und-ausgaben-der-gesetzlichen-rentenversicherung-grv/
[8] Jährliche versicherungsfremde Leistungen seit 1957 – Teufel-Tabelle
https://www.adg-ev.de/.../1387-versicherungsfremde
[9] Rentenversicherungspräsidentin Roßbach: „Die Rente ist verlässlich“ 2023-03-07
https://www.merkur.de/wirtschaft/rente-versicherung-deutschland-rossbach-interview-sicherheit-ausblick-92126352.html
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